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WORKING PRINCIPLE OF TAPERECORDER

ETYMOLOGY

A tape recorder is a device used for recording and playing back sound, typically on a magnetic tape. It works by converting sound (audio signals) into a magnetic signal that is recorded onto the tape. The sound is then retrieved through a process of playback. There are two main types: analog and digital, but the working principle remains similar in most analog tape recorders.

RECORDING PROCESS (SOUND TO MAGNETIC SIGNAL)

  • Microphone: The process begins when a sound, such as a person’s voice or music, is captured by the microphone. The microphone converts the sound waves (analog signals) into electrical signals.
  • Amplifier: These electrical signals are sent to an amplifier, which boosts the weak electrical signals to a level strong enough to be recorded onto the tape.
  • Magnetic Tape: The amplified signal is then fed to the recording head (also known as the magnetic head), which is in close contact with the moving magnetic tape. The tape is typically made of a plastic base coated with a magnetic material (like iron oxide).
  • Recording Head: The recording head creates a magnetic field that magnetizes small particles of the tape in alignment with the audio signal. The strength and direction of the magnetization correspond to the variations in the audio signal, creating a magnetic pattern that represents the original sound.
  • Tape Movement: The tape is driven by a motor, moving it past the recording head at a consistent speed, usually measured in inches per second (ips). As the tape moves, it carries the recorded magnetic signal to later be played back.

  • PLAYBACK PROCESS (MAGNETIC SIGNAL TO SOUND)

  • Playback Head: During playback, the tape moves over the playback head, which is similar to the recording head but only retrieves (reads) the magnetic signal recorded on the tape.
  • Magnetization: As the tape moves past the playback head, the varying magnetic fields on the tape induce a small electrical current in the head. These induced currents replicate the original audio signal that was recorded.
  • Amplifier: The electrical signal is then sent to an amplifier to boost it to a level that can drive the speakers or headphones.
  • Speakers: Finally, the amplified signal is sent to speakers, where it is converted back into sound (sound waves) that the listener can hear

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